MASTER ENGLISH SENTENCES WITH S+V (7) : Which verbs can be followed by Ving
S+V PATTERN
When you see a picture or a scene, do you know how to tell your friends about it? You can start with 'who' or 'what' choosing a 'subject' to focus on. Then you can talk about 'what they do' or 'how they feel/look', which is the 'action' they take or their 'state'. I will present some example sentences describing an interesting picture below and apply these two parts, also my S+V pattern, to the way I produce the sentences.
-Look!
[Subject (S): no subject] + [Action/State (V): look]
-The girl is hugging the lion.
[S: the girl] + [V: is hugging the lion]
-The lion looks excited.
[S: the lion] + [V: looks excited]
-They both make the picture incredible.
[S: they both] + [V: make the picture incredible]
-The girl is telling the lion a story.
[S: the girl] + [V: is telling the lion a story]
-The girl hopes to have a pet lion.
[S: the girl] + [V: hopes to have a pet lion]
FOUR ELEMENTS
Based on my S+V concept, a sentence is made up of four elements and I have used three of them (N, V, Adj) in the sentences above and they will be marked under each sentence below.
-Look!
[V] (Some verbs can be used alone without any elements behind them.)
-The girl is hugging the lion.
[N] [V] [N] (Some verbs can be followed by nouns.)
-The lion looks excited.
[N] [V] [Adj] (Some verbs can be connected with adjectives.)
-They both make the picture incredible.
[N] [V] [N] [Adj] (Some verbs can have N and then Adj behind them.)
-The girl is telling the lion a story.
[N] [V] [N] [N] (Some verbs can be followed by two nouns.)
-The girl hopes to have a pet lion.
[N] [V] [V] [N] (Some verbs can be connected with another verb.)
Next, I am going to add the fourth element, Adv, to some of the sentences according to the functions of adverbs and you can see those adverbs in bold.
1 : to describe or emphasize verbs/actions
-Look carefully!
[V] [Adv]
-The girl really hopes to have a pet lion.
[Adv] [V or the action]
2 : to describe or emphasize adjectives
-The lion looks so excited.
[Adv] [Adj]
3 : to describe or emphasize adverbs
-Look very carefully.
[Adv] [Adv]
4 : to emphasize the whole sentence
-To my surprise, the girl is hugging the lion.
[Adv] [sentence: S+V]
FIVE FORMS OF ENGLISH VERBS
Following the previous lesson which begins exploring how to connect two verbs in one sentence, this lesson adds one more possibility for the second verb. It means the second verb needs to be changed into different forms following the first verb or the situation you want to express. Let's review the forms of English verbs before we look at the sentence patterns. Different types of changes are presented for your reference.
Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
V1: ask lie be will
V2: asked lay was, were would
V3: asked lain been
V4: asking lying being
V5: asks lies am, is, are
[regular] [irregular] [be verb] [helping verb]
You can see V2 and V3 forms of 'ask' are the same, with 'ed' ending, and they are called 'regular' verbs/forms. When those two forms are not 'ed' ending, we call them 'irregular' verbs/forms, like 'lay and lain' in Type 2. There are more options in V2 and V5 forms of 'be verb'. They are decided by the subjects, which will be discussed in another lesson. The last type has only two forms, 'will and would', and they are so-called 'helping verb' or 'auxiliary verb'. As a learner, there is no need to remember the term or you just choose the easy one ('helping' is easier than 'auxiliary'!) because we want to 'use' the language instead of being trapped in the grammar. Not many native speakers know anything about grammar but English has become their habit, like your own language. Use English more and it will become your habit too.
ADD 'ING' TO VERBS - V4 FORM
We used V1 when we talked about the change of the second verb last time and later we will include one more form, V4, the one with 'ing' ending. Do you know how to add 'ing' to each verb? Here are the rules.
Rule 1:
Add 'ing' to the verb.
- 'walk' becomes 'walking'
Rule 2:
If you see a consonant letter and then the letter 'e' at the end of a verb, leave out/delete 'e' and add 'ing'.
(Vowel letters: a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y)
(Consonant letters: those which are not vowel letters)
- 'drive' becomes 'driving' (consonant 'v' and 'e', leave out 'e')
Rule 3:
When you see a vowel letter and then a consonant letter at the end of a verb, double the consonant letter and then add 'ing'.
- 'cut' becomes 'cutting' (vowel 'u' and consonant 't', double 't')
- 'travel' becomes 'travelling' (for British English, double 'l')
- [another choice] 'travel' becomes 'traveling' (for American English, don't double 'l')
Rule 4:
When the letter 'c' appears at the end of a verb, add 'k' and then 'ing'.
- 'panic' becomes 'panicking' (letter 'c', add 'k' + 'ing")
TWO VERBS IN THE ACTION/STATE PART
If you have prepared yourself with all the knowledge just mentioned, you are ready to learn the new patterns below.
1. Action: V + Ving...
- They enjoy singing.
- They enjoy singing opera.
[five forms of 'sing': sing-sang-sung-singing-sings]
* Verbs that can be followed by 'Ving':
advise, allow, avoid, bear, consider, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, forbid, imagine,
involve, mention, mind, miss, permit, practice, resent, risk, postpone, stand (=tolerate),
keep (+N)
* Four special verbs used in two patterns:
- advise, allow, forbid, permit + V4 (without a noun between the two verbs)
- advise, allow, forbid, permit + N + to V1 (with a noun between the two verbs)
2. V (spend) + N (time/money) + V4 (Ving)...
- My friends spend a lot of time playing games.
[play-played-played-playing-plays]
3. V... + V4 (Ving)... (when the second action 'V4...' adds info to the first action or the two actions are happening at the same time)
- I can have tea appreaciating the view.
[first action] [second action]
[appreciate-appreciated-appreciated-appreciating-appreciates]
4. V (start/begin) + to V1...
= V (start/begin) + V4 (Ving)... (The two patterns offer the same meaning.)
- The father will start to build a treehouse.
= The father will start building a treehouse.
[build-built-built-building-builds]
5. V (hate/like/love) + to V1...
V (hate/like/love) + V4 (Ving)...
- They hate to be late.
- They hate being late.
[be-was/were-been-being-am/is/are]
In American English, the two patterns make no difference. However, British English speakers use 'V4' more often in this case and they only use 'to V1' for the second verb when that action only happens occasionally.
6. V (try) + to V1... (when the second action, 'to V1...', takes a lot of effort)
V (try) + V4 (Ving)... (when the second action, 'V4...', takes no effort)
- They try to win the game. (They need to try hard to win the game.)
[win-won-won-winning-wins]
- They try using that brand. (Just try something else if you don't like this one.)
[use-used-used-using-uses]
7. V + to V1... ('to V1...' means something next or in the future)
V + V4 (Ving)... ('V4...' means something now or in the past)
- The girl will stop to do homework. (The girl will stop whatever she has been doing and do the next thing, homework so she will do homework.)
- The girl will stop doing homework. (The girl will stop what she is doing now, homework, so she will not do homework.)
[do-did-done-doing-does]
- I will remember to eat the cake. (I will remember the next thing in the future, to eat the cake, so the cake is still there now.)
- I remember eating the cake. (I remember something in the past and that is I ate the cake, so the cake is gone now.)
[eat-ate-eaten-eating-eats]
*Verbs that can be used in this pattern:
go on, regret, remember, forget, stop
8. V + N + V1... (when the second action is short or finishes quick)
V + N + V4 (Ving)... (when the second action is long or is still happening)
- They can hear neighbors slam the door. (Banging the door is a short and quick action.)
- They can hear a girl crying. (A kid's cry usually lasts a while or the girl is still crying when they hear it.)
[cry-cried-cried-crying-cries]
*Verbs (related to our 'senses') for this pattern:
hear, see, notice, perceive, sense
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